Torque teno virus: a ubiquitous virus☆
نویسنده
چکیده
caid et al. showed that the TTV encodes a miRNA in vivo that orque teno virus (TTV) is a non-enveloped human DNA virus solated by Nishizawa et al. in 1997.1 TTV, recently classified s the Alphatorquevirus genus within the Anelloviridae family by he International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), as the first human virus with a single-stranded circular DNA enome to be identified.2 Thus far, five main genetic groups Groups 1–5) involving at least 39 genotypes have been identied based on phylogenetic analysis.3 The TTV genome can be divided into an untranslated egion (UTR) of 1.2 kb and a potential coding region of 2.6 kb. he UTR is relatively conserved, suggesting that it plays n important regulatory role in viral replication. The codng region contains two large open reading frames: ORF1 and RF2. Several other open reading frames have been described, nd the peptides that they encode differ in length for different solates.4 This virus is characterized by an extremely high prevaence, with relatively uniform distribution worldwide and a igh level of genomic heterogeneity.4 Although this virus as a very high prevalence in the general population across he globe, neither its interaction with its hosts nor its direct nvolvement in the etiology of specific diseases is fully undertood. After the discovery of TTV, its detection has been by olymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers targeting the RF1 (N22 region, the first described sequence), nevertheless rimers derived from the N22 region can detect only a portion f TTV variants mainly representing genetic group 1 TTV 5,6 Genotypes 1–6). As the UTRs of the viral genome are more onserved when compared to the ORF regions, UTR-targeting rimers (used later for the detection of TTV DNA) can detect
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